If you’re age 70 1/2 or older, you can now take advantage of recent legislation allowing you to avoid paying income tax on IRA withdrawals transferred directly to a qualified charitable organization.
Referred to as Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs), they can also be used to satisfy all or part of your required minimum distribution. Here’s an example:
Let’s say your required minimum distribution (RMD) in 2016 is $22,000. If you make a qualified charitable distribution of $15,000 for 2016, then you would need to withdraw another $7,000 to meet the amount required for your 2016 RMD.
RMDs must be taken each year beginning with the year you turn age 70 1/2–whether you are still working or not. The RMD for each year is calculated by dividing the IRA account balance as of December 31 of the prior year by the applicable distribution period or life expectancy. This rule does not apply to your Roth IRAs. You get extra time to take your first RMD. It must be withdrawn by April 1 of the year following the year you turn 70 1/2. But be careful. The second RMD will be required by December 31 of that same year. This means you’ll include two RMDs in your income for that year, and that could put you into a higher tax bracket.
What is a Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD)?
Generally, a qualified charitable distribution (QCD) is an otherwise taxable distribution from an IRA (other than an ongoing SEP or SIMPLE IRA), that is owned by an individual who is age 70 1/2 or over that is paid directly from the IRA to a qualified charity.
What are the Rules?
Unlike most tax-related rules, the rules for QCDs are fairly straightforward:
- You must be age 70 1/2 or older
- The QCD must be an otherwise taxable distribution from an IRA, but not from a simplified employee pension IRA (SEP-IRA), a SIMPLE-IRA or an inherited IRA
- The QCD must be a direct transfer from the IRA trustee to the charitable organization
- The organization must be one that qualifies for a charitable income tax deduction by an individual
- The organization must acknowledge the charitable contribution similar to a charitable income tax deduction or donor advised fund
- No more than $100,000 per year can be considered a QCD
Tax Advantages of QCDs
Generally, taxable IRA distributions must be included in adjusted gross income (AGI)–even if donated to charity. You may be able to take a deduction for a charitable donation, but could be subject to a 50 percent AGI limitation, which means you wouldn’t be able to deduct the full amount in that tax year and might be subject to income tax on the difference.
QCDs bypass this potential problem because they are exempt from taxation.
Another tax advantage is that there is no increase in your AGI that could, for example, increase your income tax on Social Security income or cause Medicare insurance premiums to increase. It could also reduce deduction amounts for say, medical expenses, which are limited to amounts more than 7.5 percent of AGI (for those 65 and older).
In addition, because there is no addition to income, you may be able to take the standard deduction (often a higher dollar amount and more beneficial than itemizing) and exclude the QCD from your income, which is like deducting the charitable contribution.
The $100,000 limit is an annual amount, so you can take advantage of a QCD for as many years as you wish–and it applies to each spouse’s IRA. As such, up to $200,000 ($100,000 per spouse) could be donated by a couple filing a joint return in a given tax year and still qualify for the exclusion.
Reporting a QCD on your Income Tax Return
Charitable distributions are reported to you on Form 1099-R for the calendar year the distribution is made. You should receive tis form by February 1, 2017. To report a qualified charitable distribution on your Form 1040, you generally report the full amount of the charitable distribution on the line for IRA distributions. On the line for the taxable amount, enter zero if the full amount was a qualified charitable distribution and enter “QCD” next to this line.
You must also file Form 8606, Nondeductible IRAs, if you made the qualified charitable distribution from a traditional IRA in which you had basis and received a distribution from the IRA during the same year, other than the qualified charitable distribution.
Questions?
Don’t hesitate to call if you would like more information about qualified charitable distributions or have any questions about IRAs and required minimum distributions and how they affect your taxes.